Understand how cells respond to stress and injury.
Understanding the mechanisms and consequences of cellular damage.
Types, causes, effects, and clinical significance of oxygen deprivation.
Premature cell death: causes, types, diagnosis, and treatment.
Programmed cell death: mechanisms, regulation, and importance.
The science of oxidative stress and cellular damage.
Understanding the body's defense mechanism and its consequences.
Abnormal cell growth from normal cells to cancer.